Creep, Strength and Moisture Absorption of Adhesive Bonded FRP Joints

The effects of the environment on adhesive bonded single lap joints formed using XMC-3 and SMC-R50 composites were investigated. Tests were performed at temperatures of 23C and 93C with test coupons immersed in air, water, and 5% NaCl water mixture. The weight changes of both bonded joints (XMC-3 to SMC-R50 and SMC-R50 to SMC-R50) and unbonded materials were measured. Data were also ob tained showing the effects of moisture, temperature, and applied load on changes in weight, on creep deformation, lap shear strength, and separation modes of the joints.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68649/2/10.1177_073168448500400206.pd

Generalized Mutual Subspace Based Methods for Image Set Classification

Abstract. The subspace-based methods are effectively applied to classify sets of feature vectors by modeling them as subspaces. It is, however, difficult to appropriately determine the subspace dimensionality in advance for better performance. For alleviating such issue, we present a generalized mutual subspace method by introducing soft weighting across the basis vectors of the subspace. The bases are effectively combined via the soft weights to measure the subspace similarities (angles) without definitely setting the subspace dimensionality. By using the soft weighting, we consequently propose a novel mutual subspace-based method to construct the discriminative space which renders more discriminative subspace similarities. In the experiments on 3D object recognition using image sets, the proposed methods exhibit stably favorable performances compared to the other subspace-based methods.

The Development of an Augmented Contrained Efficiency Framework for the Adoption of Electrionic Interorganizational Governance

Business-to-business electronic commerce provides new mechanisms for interorganizational exchange governance. This study contributes to the research of the adoption of interorganizational exchange governance by developing an augmented constrained-efficiency framework that summarizes the salient factors influencing organizational selection and adoption of electronic exchange governance. Drawing upon the literature on organizational and interorganizational governance design and adoption, the augmented constrained-efficiency framework posits that organizational selection and adoption of electronic interorganizational exchange governance are an efficiency pursuing process and also constrained by some critical forces. Internally, the constraints include organizational decision makers’ bounded rationality and organizational resources and capabilities. Externally, an organization’s institutional environments, its dependency relationship, contractual arrangements and relational norms developed with its business partners through physical transactions are important constraining forces. To demonstrate the usefulness of the augmented constrained-efficiency framework, the paper applies it to the analysis of two important modes of electronic interorganizational exchange governance, namely electronic hierarchy and electronic marketplace. By doing so, the paper sets foundations for future theory development and empirical study

Implementing CoreNet to Reach Out to Businesses - A Case Study of the Singapore Government\u27s IT Initiatives

Over the years, more and more sophisticated e-government systems are being created to reach out to both businesses and citizens alike. However, many such projects have been fraught with difficulties due to myriad barriers which may hinder adoption and inhibit progress during the various phases of the implementation. Against this backdrop, an example of a country with an advanced e-government agenda and a successful track record is Singapore. In this study, we first propose a 3-stage theoretical framework that takes into account the barriers that may hinder a successful e-government implementation and the corresponding change intervention actions to address such barriers. We then demonstrate and refine the applicability of the proposed framework in the context of the Singapore Government’s experience in implementing the CORENET project in the construction and real estate industry. The insights gained and the lessons learnt from this study may have valuable implications for research and practice

'Functional' inspiratory and core muscle training enhances running performance and economy.

We compared the effects of two 6-week high-intensity interval training interventions. Under the control condition (CON), only interval training was undertaken, whilst under the intervention condition (ICT), interval training sessions were followed immediately by core training, which was combined with simultaneous inspiratory muscle training - 'functional' IMT. Sixteen recreational runners were allocated to either ICT or CON groups. Prior to the intervention phase, both groups undertook a 4-week programme of 'foundation' IMT to control for the known ergogenic effect of IMT [30 inspiratory efforts at 50% maximal static inspiratory pressure (P0) per set, 2 sets.d, 6 d.wk]. The subsequent 6-week interval running training phase, consisted of 3-4 sessions.wk. In addition, the ICT group undertook four inspiratory-loaded core exercises [10 repetitions.set, 2 sets.d, inspiratory load set at 50% post-IMT P0] immediately after each interval training session. The CON group received neither core training nor functional IMT. Following the intervention phase, global inspiratory and core muscle functions increased in both groups (P<0.05), as evidenced by P0 and a sport-specific endurance plank test performance (SEPT), respectively. Compared to CON, the ICT group showed larger improvements in SEPT, running economy at the speed of the OBLA, and 1-hr running performance (3.04% vs 1.57%, P<0.05). The changes in these variables were inter-individually correlated (r≥0.57, n=16, P<0.05). Such findings suggest that the addition of inspiratory-loaded core conditioning into a high-intensity interval training program augments the influence of the interval program upon endurance running performance, and that this may be underpinned by an improvement in running economy

Relaxation of surface charge on rotating dielectric spheres: Implications on dynamic electrorheological effects

We have examined the effect of an oscillatory rotation of a polarized dielectric particle. The rotational motion leads to a re-distribution of the polarization charge on the surface of the particle. We show that the time averaged steady-state dipole moment is along the field direction, but its magnitude is reduced by a factor which depends on the angular velocity of rotation. As a result, the rotational motion of the particle reduces the electrorheological effect. We further assume that the relaxation of polarized charge is arised from a finite conductivity of the particle or host medium. We calculate the relaxation time based on the Maxwell-Wagner theory, suitably generalized to include the rotational motion. Analytic expressions for the reduction factor and the relaxation time are given and their dependence on the angular velocity of rotation will be discussed.Comment: Accepted for publications by Phys. Rev.

First principles calculation of uniaxial magnetic anisotropy and magnetostriction in strained CMR films

We performed first - principles relativistic full-potential linearized augmented plane wave calculations for strained tetragonal ferromagnetic La(Ba)MnO$_3$ with an assumed experimental structure of thin strained tetragonal La$_{0.67}$Ca$_{0.33}$MnO$_3$ (LCMO) films grown on SrTiO$_3$[001] and LaAlO$_3$[001] substrates. The calculated uniaxial magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) values, are in good quantitative agreement with experiment for LCMO films on SrTiO$_3$ substrate. We also analyze the applicability of linear magnetoelastic theory for describing the stain dependence of MAE, and estimate magnetostriction coefficient $\lambda_{001}$.Comment: Talk given at APS99 Meeting, Atlanta, 199

Effects of Temperature and Moisture on Sheet Molding Compounds

A summary is given on the effects of moisture and temperature on the properties of chopped fiber reinforced sheet molding compounds. The properties surveyed include tensile strength and modulus, compression strength and modulus, shear strength and modulus, flexural strength and modulus, fatigue, creep, vibration damping, moisture absorption characteristics, and thermal expansion.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68648/2/10.1177_073168448300200201.pd

Predicting Neutron Production from Cosmic-ray Muons

Fast neutrons from cosmic-ray muons are an important background to underground low energy experiments. The estimate of such background is often hampered by the difficulty of measuring and calculating neutron production with sufficient accuracy. Indeed substantial disagreement exists between the different analytical calculations performed so far, while data reported by different experiments is not always consistent. We discuss a new unified approach to estimate the neutron yield, the energy spectrum, the multiplicity and the angular distribution from cosmic muons using the Monte Carlo simulation package FLUKA and show that it gives a good description of most of the existing measurements once the appropriate corrections have been applied.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure

Final state interactions in the decay B0→ηcK∗B^0 \to \eta_c K^*

In this article, we study the final-state rescattering effects in the decay $B^0 \to \eta_cK^*$, the numerical results indicate the corrections are comparable with the contribution from the naive factorizable amplitude, and the total amplitudes can accommodate the experimental data.Comment: 11 pages, 1 figure, revised version, to appear in EPJ